The+Environment

Modelling & Simulation
> - predictions based on computer models, for example, weather, global warming > - responsibility of the designer for accuracy of assumptions underlying the model - data may be unreliable if it is entered incorrectly or if it becomes outdated. The machines may break down or a hacker may violate the whole design by changing the data needed for the simulation. - a hacker may break into the system and change the data or the data could be accidentally changed. > - issues involved in military simulations - to make the simulation secure, it should be protected with a special password or a firewall if it is published at the internet, so only the right people access the core of the simulation, where they input or change the data. - only people with a password will be able to input the data. Normal people are able to access the simulation most of the times from the internet to see how it looks like, without changing anything. > - ethical considerations involved in deciding when to use models or simulations to ensure human safety > - economic effects of the use of models to design and test new products > - social impact of reliance on simulations to examine issues of public policy - this design is very safe and effective if the data are correctly input. Technology makes work much easier, cheaper and faster. - people with an internet connection will be able to access the simulation; therefore they have to own a computer that has an internet connection. - in this case, technology is used appropriately. It saves time, money and is nature friendly. - e-waste becomes a big issue in all areas of ITGS and the environment because technology is a fast moving aspect of life, thus everyone wants the newest item and other items are no longer compatible as new ones are made, thus creating e-waste which is harmful to the environment.
 * ** Reliability :**
 * **Integrity:**
 * ** Security :**
 * **Authenticity:**
 * ** People and Machines :**
 * **Equality of Access:**
 * **Policies & Standards:**
 * **Other:**

Mapping
- Operation of the hardware and design of the software. Correspo ndence of data with the real world. Data have to be updated, otherwise they become outdated, therefore unreliable. - The correspondence and creation of data. If someone changes the data in the software, the whole design would become unreliable. - Restricted access to machines. The GPS is a very valued system, which can be easily abused if being stolen by the terrorists. - Especially in the Gene mapping the privacy and anonymity is important. It is a part of an electronical health record in many cases. - IT improves accuracy,speed and reliability. - Both designs are very effective. Technology extends human faculties and makes work easier thank to the IT systems involved. Memory, accuracy and speed are great advantages of both designs.
 * **Reliability**
 * **Integrity of Data**
 * **Security**
 * **Privacy and Anonymity**
 * **Control**
 * **People and Machines**

=Data Logging= Advantages: - Disadvantages:-
 * Measurements are always taken at the right time. Unlike a human the computer will not forget to take a reading or take a reading too late or too early. (reliability)
 * Mistakes are not made in reading the results. Humans can make errors. (reliability, people & machines)
 * Data logging devices can be sent to places that humans can not easily get to. e.g. to the planet Mars, into the bottom of a volcano, or onto a roof of a tall building to get to a weather station. (people & machines)
 * Graphs and tables of results can be produced automatically by the data logging software.
 * Safer in the short term as well as long term (security)
 * Efficient and eco-friendly
 * Initial cost of purchasing the equipment
 * Initial cost of implementing the equipment
 * Cost of maintenance
 * You need to train the people on how to use the data and analyze t he graphs (digital divide & equality of access)
 * In some cases it makes jobs redundant

=**Satellite Communication**=

Advantages:
 * Can connect people around the world
 * Quicker communication
 * Can get images of things a human may not be able to
 * Can explore areas a human may not be able to go to
 * Helps track packages or other things
 * Provides more security

Disadvantages:


 * Reliability - if certain components do not work, or signal is lost
 * Digital divide & equality of access - not all countries can afford to have them
 * Expensive - very expensive to send a satellite into space
 * Privacy and anonymity - a satellite can see/hear anything anyone does
 * Standards and protocols - all components have to be compatible
 * Security - satellites could be hacked and used against governments