Internet

﻿ 3.4 - The Internet


 * = Definitions

 • [|WWW (World Wide Web), URL (uniform resource locator)], [|internet, intranet, extranet] • [|Internet protocols: for example, HTTP (hypertext transfer protocol), HTTPS (hypertext transfer protocolsecure), FTP (file transfer protocol), TCP/IP (transmission control protocol/internet protocol)] • [|IP address] • [|Modem], [|browser],[| internet service provider (ISP)],[| bandwidth, download, upload], [|streaming audio/video,]compression, decompression, [|cache] • [|Domain names, domain name system (DNS)] • Features of a website: for example,[| hyperlinks], [|navigation][|, metatags, tags], [|forms] • Features of a browser: for example, [|bookmarks, visited links, tabs] • [|Web-based languages: for example, hypertext markup language (HTML), JavaScript] • Adding functionality to a browser (for example, plug-ins) • Data-driven websites: for example,[| active server page extended (ASPX]), [|personal home page (PHP)] [|• Site management: for example, web hosting, uploading] • Other site use: for example, bounce rate, click-through rate (CTR), avatar, profile Tools • Search engines, web crawler/spider, search directories, search techniques, filtering, keyword density, keyword prominence, ranking of sites • Social networking: for example, newsgroups, message boards, chat rooms, forums, instant messaging • Email, email server, list server • Web 2.0, Web 3.0 and beyond, collaborative online tools: for example, wikis, blogs, micro-blogs, RDF (resource description framework) site summary feeds, RSS (really simple syndication) feeds, mashups, forums, social bookmarking, online collaborative applications, podcasts, photocasts, vidcasts, social networking sites, templates, tagging, viral marketing, webcasts, widgets, virtual worlds and learning environments • Web databases, encyclopedias • Online advertising and marketing technologies: for example, banners, pop-ups, cookies • Push–pull technologies: for example, email newsletters • Content management systems: for example, Moodle, Blackboard • E-commerce technology: for example, business-to-business (B2B), business-to-consumer (B2C), consumer-to-consumer (C2C), payment services, secure transactions • The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) Internet threats and security • Internet security: for example, firewall, proxy server, SSL (secure sockets layer), encryption, public and private keys, digital signatures • Internet threats: for example, global viruses, hackers, spam, phishing, pharming, spyware, adware Practical techniques • Collaborative online tools: for example, wikis, blogs, RSS feeds, mashups, forums, social bookmarking, online collaborative applications, podcasts, photocasts, vidcasts, social networking sites, templates, virtual worlds and virtual learning environments ||

Uses of the internet:

· File sharing

· Online banking

· Internet radio

· Online dating

· Online education

· Web 2.0

· Online shopping

· Search engines

· Source of information

· Telecommuting

· Remote access- Computer users can easily connect to other computers and information stores around the world using the internet. Remote access is encouraging new methods of working from home and information sharing in many businesses. Using Virtual Private Network (VPN), a businessman can use a remote desktop session to access his PC in the other side of the world. [|Remote Access]

· (VoIP)- Voice over internet protocol - Apps such as Fring and Skype **Internet Fundamentals:** Most people mistake the World Wide Web (www) and the internet to be the same thing but the internet is a global data communications systems made of hardware and software which allows global connectivity between computers. While the Web is a service connected using the internet, it is made up of a collection of documents connected with hyperlinks and URLs.
 * Remote Access App for iPhone || media type="youtube" key="aBfXSJN5ctA?fs=1" height="385" width="640" ||

Internet Protocol Suite- protocol means a set of rules, so internet protocol suite is the set of communication protocols that the end points of telecommunications connections use when they communicate. Types of protocol include


 * Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), which uses a set of rules to exchange messages with other Internet points at the information packet level
 * Internet Protocol (IP), which uses a set of rules to send and receive messages at the Internet address level
 * Additional protocols that include the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and File Transfer Protocol (FTP), each with defined sets of rules to use with other programs on the internet.

IP address is a unique address from which each computer can be identified on a network. It makes file transfer easier since your computer can be easily recognized. It looks something like this:

A modem allows the analogue data from a telephone network to be converted into digital data so it can be read by the computer and it can also do the reverse process.

The Internet browser is used to retrieve and present information from the Web. they can also be used to access files and information in private networks (such as this schools network).

ISP is an Internet Service Provider, They provide access to the internet for its users, this can be done through dail-up, DSL, wireless, satellite or cable modem connections. Each ISP may give a unique service to their customers, such as remotely storing data files.

Bandwidth is the measure of the capacity of a network connection, it is the maximum amount of data that can travel along a network connection in a given time. It is usually measured in bits per second.

Download and upload is to to receive and send data while on a network.

Internet streaming is when video and audio files can be previewed online while the file is loading.

Cache is a form of memory, it speeds up the time that browsers take in loading certain pages. It works by storing data from recently visited pages, so when you visit the page again it will check the cache for the page and if it exists that it will load directlyl form memory rather than having to load the page again.

DNS (Domain Name System) -Is the unique address or URL of a particular website. It translates the address that humans understand into numbers such as 192.0.32.10.

Features of a website:

Hyperlink- when a word is linked to another document or page.

Navigation- when web pages have links, images or applications to view different features of a website.

Metatag- It is a line of HTML coding that contains metadata about a web page. Metadata is the gives us data about other data. for example it will state the name size and format of a certain file.

Tag- blah blah blah blah

Features of a Browser:

Bookmarks- allow you to visit a page via a link that you have saved.

Visited links- Visited links are hilighted in a different colour.

Tabs- allow many web pages to open in a single Web browser

Web-based languages:

HTML- it is the code language use for setting up a language for web page, written with tags.


 * JavaScript- It is an object oriented scripting language, which allows interactions between the contents of the page and the actions of the reader || media type="youtube" key="qtzjzMsJiO8?fs=1" height="385" width="480" ||

Functions in a web browser could include changing the looks (themes) and getting plug-ins such as Adobe reader, java update etc... Site management:

Web hosting- Companies that allow individuals or other companies to make their web page available on the Web. These companies provide a space on a server that they own or rent.

Uploading- When website owners upload media files or any thing from applications to documents on their website for the users of the internet to download.

**Tools** Search engines search for information on the whole Web and the results that come back are called hits. A few may also search images and other types of files.

Web crawlers is a program that scans or "crawls" through web pages to create a list of data that it is looking for

Filtering is when you receive a lot of information in return of your search and you then narrow it down using filters until you get more precise results.

Keyword density is about how relevant a search is according to the key word. While keyword prominence all about how much a word stands out in a web page.

Email is a system where users with email accounts are able to send any sort of information to another user with an email account.

A server is a machine that provides a service to other computers in the network, so an email server will give the user access to basic features such as receiving and creating mail, spam filtering and address books. A list server is a program that handles the subscription requests for a mailing server, it also organizes the distribution of new messages and newsletters that the mailing server has to send. Web 2.0 are interactive information sharing pages which are user deigned examples are: social-networking sites, blogs, wikis, video-sharing sites, hosted services and web applications. Collaborative online tools: Include Wiki's, Blogs... Micro blogging- is just like normal blogging but on a much smaller scale, it could consist of one sentence, video or image. RSS- RSS feeds are links to certain piece of work on a site which include images, blog entries or audio/video these links keep on changing as the work gets updated. Mashups- A mashup on a web page is combination of two or more applications to create new services. Social bookmarking- It is a way for internet users to organize, store, manage and search for bookmarks of resources online. Online collaborative applications- Are applications on the web that allow two users to work together in a creative manner. Pod-vidcasts- These a media files (audio and video) that are released in episodes. They are usually accessed through RSS feeds. Their purposes can vary from news to entertainment. Templates are pre-designed page layouts that can be applied while making web pages. Viral marketing is the use of networks to advertise on social networks, they take the form of video clips, games, images or a simple text message. A Webcast is media file that is broadcast over the internet simultaneously to all listeners and viewers. Virtual worlds- an online community in which users can interact with each other and use or create objects. Now 3D environments are more common where users create and interact with their avatars. A Learning environment is a online system designed to promote teaching and learning online in an educational setting. they will provide learning tools such as assessments (particularly of types that can be marked automatically, such as multiple choice), communication, uploading of content, return of students' work, peer assessment, collecting and organizing student grades, questionnaires, tracking tools, etc.
 * media type="youtube" key="rum9HZ0si9o?fs=1" height="385" width="480" align="right"A small video to explain web applications. ||


 * Services **

Online marketing is when companies advertise on Web pages. They can come in the form of pop ups which are advertisements that open in new windows, most browsers have the option of blocking these pop ups.another form of advertising is banners which are presented on the edges of web pages most of them are now interactive. E-Commerce is the buying and selling of products or services on computer networks or systems. B2B is the e-commerce conducted between 2+ businesses, it can be limited or open for all. While B2C is the e-commerce between businesses and consumers, a form of this is online shopping and an example is Amazon.com. Payment services are online services that are used to pay for your purchase a famous service is PayPal. W3C: A group of organizations that maintain full-time staff for the purpose of working together in the development of standards for the Web.

Internet is secured by: Firewalls prevent unauthorized access. Proxy server is a computer system or an application program that acts as an gateway for requests by a network.
 * Internet Threats and Security **