Spreadsheet

3.8 Spreadsheets, modelling and simulations Introduction The increasing capabilities of computers have allowed individuals and organizations to develop software that can be used to test “what-if” scenarios and create simulations and models of real-world events. Spreadsheets , through the use of worksheets and graphs, can be used to manage, predict using a series of   “what-if” scenarios, and display financial details of businesses. Modelling and simulations can be used to recreate or predict the conditions that may result from an   event, for example, the areas that will be affected by coastal flooding as a result of different levels of global warming. It is important that the ITGS student is aware of the benefits of creating accurate spreadsheets, models and simulations as well as the social impacts that could result from simulations being unable to replicate the real world, and the ethical issues that may arise during the development of the model. Possible scenarios Students are expected to carry out practical activities using spreadsheets, for example, the development of a spreadsheet that allows a teacher to add marks from a class test so as to generate information such as the grade for the test. Students are expected to use modelling and simulations to reinforce their theoretical knowledge, and to apply the ITGS triangle to a range of real-life scenarios. IT concepts to address in this topic Theoretical and practical concepts for spreadsheets •   Cell types: for example, text, number, date, currency, hyperlinks •   Formulas: relative and absolute cell references •   Sorting, filtering and replicating data •   Types of charts •  Formatting and presentation: for example, text (fonts), background, paragraphs, pages

Data validation, verification and testing •   Functions: maths, text, logic, date •   Protection for sheets and workbooks, cell locking •   Advanced functions: for example, lookup, pivot tables, macros •   Worksheet modelling: “what-if” analysis (scenarios, goal seek tool) Modelling and simulation technologies and considerations •   Model •   Simulation •   Types of simulations and models •   Virtual reality, augmented reality, gaming: for example, MMORPG (massively multiplayer online roleplaying    game) •   Graphics and animations (2D, 3D) •   Visualization of data •   Feedback loop Developing and using models and simulations •   The validity of the model and verification of the results of a simulation, reproducibility of results •   Relationship of model to reality •  Relationship between a model and a simulation