Spreadsheets,+modelling+and+simulations

= SPREADSHEETS, MODELLING AND SIMULATIONS =

Introduction
==== The increasing capabilities of computers have allowed individuals and organizations to develop software that can be used to test “what-if” scenarios and create simulations and models of real-world events. ====

[|Spreadsheets], through the use of worksheets and graphs, can be used to manage, predict using a series of “what-if” scenarios, and display financial details of businesses.

[|Modelling] and [|simulations] can be used to recreate or predict the conditions that may result from an event, for example, the areas that will be affected by coastal flooding as a result of different levels of global warming.

Spreadsheets
Rows: 1, 2, 3, etc. Columns: A, B, C, etc. || || Text: Only letters eg.Item
 * Spreadsheets begin with a worksheet...
 * [|Cell] Types:

Number: eg.units

Date: Jan.9,2011 or 1/9/11 or 9-1-11

Currency: $1.00 or €16 or £56

Hyperlinks ||  ||
 * [|Relative Cell Reference]

When you copy a formula, Excel modifies cell references relative to each new location of the formula. ||  ||
 * [|Absolute Cell Reference]

(Always points to the same cell..good for values that never change)

An absolution cell reference refers to the same call no matter where the formula is copied to. The symbol $ refers to the absolute cell position. ||  ||

[|Filtering]
accepts a certain type of data as input, transforms it in some manner, and then outputs the transformed data.

media type="youtube" key="U3sZTDn-BHY?fs=1" height="330" width="472"

 * == [|Validation] ==

Check digits, character, format, size and range, yes/no questions
|| == [|Verification] ==
 * 1) == The process of entering data twice. ==
 * 2) == The second entry is compared to the first ==

to ensure it is accurate.
|| ||

Cell locking
Restricts entry

A feature that enables you to summarize and analyze data in lists and tables || [|How to create a pivot table] || || *Saves you time || || > Equals (=) > Less than (<) > Less than or equal to (<=) > Greater than (>) > Greater than or equal to (>=) > Not equal to (<>) > Comparing 2 amounts || || =A4+B9 (Adding) =A4-B9 (Subtraction) =A4*B9 (Multiply) =A4/B9 (Divide) ||
 * == Pivot Table ==
 * == Lookup == || VLookup
 * == [|Macros] ==
 * == Logic ==
 * == Maths == || =sum(A4+B9) (Total of)
 * == Date == || [[image:http://www.homeandlearn.co.uk/me/images/DATE4.JPG width="439" height="188" caption="The Date Function"]] ||

Modelling and simulation
The medical industry uses them to create detailed models of organs. The movie industry uses them to create and manipulate characters and objects for animated and real-life motion pictures. The video game industry uses them to create assets for video games. The science sector uses them to create highly detailed models of chemical compounds. The architecture industry uses them to create models of proposed buildings and landscapes. The engineering community uses them to design new devices, vehicles and structures as well as a host of other uses. media type="youtube" key="X-6zxImekOE?fs=1" height="374" width="457" align="center"

[|Virtual reality]
Virtual reality is a term that applies to computer-simulated environments that can simulate physical presence in places in the real world, as well as in imaginary worlds. Most current virtual reality environments are primarily visual experiences, displayed either on a computer screen or through special stereoscopic displays, but some simulations include additional sensory information, such as sound through speakers or headphones.

World Skin (1997) Maurice Benayoun's virtual reality interactive installation.

[|Augmented Reality]
Combines real and virtual. Is interactive in real time. Shows in 3D.

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MMORPG (massively multiplayer online roleplaying game)
media type="youtube" key="SXqnfbSfVG8?fs=1" height="385" width="640" [|Augmented Reality on Mobile Phones] [|Augmented Pool Table]

** [|Graphics and Animation in 2D] **
Computer based digital images made from two dimensional models. They began in 1950 from vector graphics devices. -Typography -Cartography -Advertising

2D Animation Example

Properties for 2D:

-Position

-Colour

-Brightness

[|Graphics and Animations in 3D]
Generates three-dimensional objects in a two-dimensional space. 3D Animation brings out the life to which does not exist in the world yet. Properties for 3D: -Position -Colour -Brightness -Depth

[|Building Walk Through 3D Example] [|Future City 3D Example]

Developing and using models and simulations
 * == Model 3D == || == Reality == ||
 * [[image:http://sketchup.google.com/3dwarehouse/download?mid=9096ba35ae3fd69ea72a1ff6af12ee9d&rtyp=lt&ctyp=other&ts=1265485347000 width="301" height="284" caption="Burj Khalifa (v7d, 94 vs. 415 kB), Dubai, 828m with 3d-PDF"]] || [[image:http://www.optimiced.com/wp-uploads/2010/01/burj-dubai-by-sarthak-singhal.th.jpg width="340" height="320" caption="Burj Dubai tower" link="http://www.optimiced.com/wp-uploads/2010/01/burj-dubai-by-sarthak-singhal.jpg"]] ||

= Articles = [|Augmented SuperBowl]