Internet+(Merna)

= = **Internet ** __**Introduction:﻿﻿**__


 * The internet and World Wide Web are omnipresent in contemporary society. This topic introduces ITGS students to the technology that enables access to the internet. The tools and applications that contribute to the creation of web-based resources and websites are addressed under topic 3.6, “Multimedia/digital media”. **


 * The use of the internet for activities such as e-commerce, academic research and social networking can raise ethical issues and have positive or negative social impacts. These may include exposure to undesirable materials, cyber-bullying, e-fraud, improved communication between individuals and groups, intellectual property theft, plagiarism, spamming and the global dissemination of ideas. Students are expected to discuss, where appropriate, possible solutions to a specified problem and evaluate their effectiveness. **

__**Possible scenario:**__


 * A school is considering using the internet to enhance the learning opportunities of its students. Before making a final decision it intends to obtain an outline of the different facilities available. It must also consider the potential problems of opening this “window on the world”. Where appropriate, the ITGS student should investigate different environments to experience the range of available learning opportunities. This may include research using different collaborative websites, educational websites or online sources of information. **

**// Fundamentals //**
 * __//** IT Concepts: **//__

• [|WWW (World Wide Web)], [|URL (uniform resource locator)], [|internet], [|intranet], [|extranet] • [|Internet protocols]: for example, [|HTTP (hypertext transfer protocol)], HTTPS (hypertext transfer protocol   secure), [|FTP (file transfer protocol)], [|TCP/IP (transmission control protocol/internet protocol)] • [|IP address] • [|Modem], [|browser], [|internet service provider (ISP)], [|bandwidth], [|download], [|upload], [|streaming audio/]  [|video],[| compression], [|decompression], [|cache] • [|Domain names], [|domain name system (DNS)]  • Features of a[| website]: for example, [|hyperlinks], navigation,[| metatags],[| tags],[| forms]  • Features of a[| browser]: for example,[| bookmarks],[| visited links],[| tabs]  • Web-based languages: for example, hypertext markup language (HTML), [|JavaScript]  • Adding functionality to a browser (for example, [|plug-ins])  • Data-driven websites: for example,[| active server page extended (ASPX)] , [|personal home page (PHP)]  • Site management: for example,[| web hosting], [|uploading] • Other site use: for example, bounce rate, [|click-through rate (CTR)] ,[| avatar],[| profile] ||      ||


 * ==What Is Bounce Rate?==

Bounce rate is a very important metric for website owners. It basically tells you what percentage of your visitors are “bouncing” away after landing on your site (e.g., they just visit one page and leave before clicking on to a second page inside your site). A bounce can occur for several reasons, including: All the actions above would cause the visitor to leave your site. Provided he did any of these actions right after arriving at your site (and before clicking on to a second page), it would be counted as a bounce. In fact the formula for finding the bounce rate on your website is:
 * The visitor hit the “Back” button on his browser.
 * The visitor closed his browser.
 * The visitor clicked on one of your ads.
 * The visitor clicked on one of your external links.
 * The visitor used the search box on his browser.
 * The visitor typed a new URL on his browser.


 * Bounce rate = Visits that left after one page / Total number of visits** || media type="youtube" key="lGPnzSBVBOk?fs=1" height="385" width="480" ||


 * __**// Tools: //**__

• [|Search engines], [|web crawler or spider], [|search directories], search techniques,[| filtering],[| keyword density], [|keyword prominence],[| ranking of sites] • [|Social networking]: for example, [|newsgroups], [|message boards], [|chat rooms],[| forums],[| instant messaging] • [|Email], [|email server], list server (A program that automatically redistributes e-mail to names on a mailing list. The two most common are listserv and Majordomo.) • [|Web 2.0], [|Web 3.0 and beyond], collaborative online tools: for example, [|wikis],[| blogs],[| micro-blogs], [|RDF] [|(resource description framework) site summary feeds], [|RSS (really simple syndication) feeds], [|mashups], [|forums],[| social bookmarking](delicious.com or diigo.com), online collaborative applications, [|podcasts], photocasts, vidcasts, [|social] [|networking sites], [|templates],[| tagging], [|viral marketing],[| webcasts], [|widgets] || ||

What is meant by Web databases?
The Internet and its user-friendly application, the Web, would be practically useless if users could not access databases online. The premise of the Web is that people can not only browse visually appealing Web pages, but also search for and find information in databases. When a shopper accesses an online store, he or she can look for information about any of thousands or hundreds of thousands of items offered for sale. For example, when you access the site of CDNOW (nowadays part of the amazon.com group of companies), you can receive online information (such as an image of a CD’s cover, its popularity ranking, price, and shipping time) for any of a half million music CDs.In business-to-business e-commerce, wholesalers make their catalogs and special prices available to retailers online. Behind each of these sites is a database. The only way for organizations to conduct these types of Web-based businesses is to give people outside the organizations access to their databases. In other words, the organizations must link their databases to the Internet.

Web Databases Uses:
For example, Valupage, a Web site that provides supermarket coupons online, collects data on shoppers. To receive periodic e-mail messages with coupons that you can print out and use for supermarket discounts, you must first enter personal data, including your address, e-mail address, and shopping preferences. The data are sold for profit to other organizations. []
 * Catalogs – in both business-to-business and business-to-consumer e-commerce. Catalog databases allow browsers to search items by keywords or combinations of keywords.
 * Libraries of books, articles, CDs, and movie clips. These types of sites also often include a local search engine that allows a user to search for the keywords in a title, author name, or in an entire article.
 * Directories, which can include names, addresses, telephone numbers, and e-mail addresses. For instance, professional associations can provide members with access to membership lists.
 * Client lists and profiles. Usually, individual users have access to these databases only for the purpose of inserting or updating their own records.

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 * Encyclopedias: **

Many encyclopedias are now being published in CD-ROM form, with the most notable example being Microsoft's //Encarta™//; other encyclopedias are now entirely available online, with no print version. __One of the most important advantages of online encyclopedias is the fact that they can be edited frequently, so they remain up to date.__ []
 * An encyclopedia or encyclopaedia is a book or series of books that contain general information about many topics or areas. **An  encyclopedia  is often confused with a dictionary, although they are inherently different. A dictionary offers definition of words, while an encyclopedia explores topics more in depth and often includes illustrations, maps, and photographs. While most encyclopedias are organized alphabetically, some are organized by categories or cross-referenced articles.


 * //**Services: **//

Online Advertising & marketing technologies : **Online advertising** is a form of [|promotion] that uses the __[|Internet] __ and [|World Wide Web] for the expressed purpose of delivering [|marketing] messages to attract customers. Examples of online advertising include contextual ads on [|search engine results pages], [|banner ads] , [|Rich Media] Ads, [|Social network advertising] , [|interstitial ads] , <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #0645ad; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px; text-decoration: none;">[|online classified advertising] , <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #0645ad; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px; text-decoration: none;">[|advertising networks] and <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #0645ad; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px; text-decoration: none;">[|e-mail marketing] , including <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #0645ad; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px; text-decoration: none;">[|e-mail spam]. <span style="border-collapse: separate; font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> Example :
 * [|Banners]
 * [|Pop-ups]
 * [|Cookies]

<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 10px; padding-top: 0px;">Push-pull technology E.g. Email Newsletter :a<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">n email sent to subscribers with information on a topic. Such newsletters are often used to keep in touch with existing customers or members. ||


 * //**<span style="border-collapse: separate; color: #ff00ff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Content Management Systems **//


 * <span style="border-collapse: separate; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em; padding: 0px;"> A content management system (CMS) is the collection of procedures used to manage work flow in a collaborative environment. These procedures can be manual or computer-based. The procedures are designed to do the following: **
 * **<span style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding: 0px;">Allow for a large number of people to contribute to and share stored data **
 * **<span style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding: 0px;">Control access to data, based on user roles (defining which information users or user groups can view, edit, publish, etc.) **
 * **<span style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding: 0px;">Aid in easy storage and retrieval of data **
 * **<span style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding: 0px;">Reduce repetitive duplicate input **
 * **<span style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding: 0px;">Improve the ease of report writing **
 * **<span style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding: 0px;">Improve communication between users **
 * <span style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">In a CMS, data can be defined as nearly anything: documents, movies, pictures, phone numbers, scientific data, and so forth. CMSs are frequently used for storing, controlling,revising, semantically enriching, and publishing documentation. Serving as a central repository, the CMS increases the version level of new updates to an already existing file. Version control is one of the primary advantages of a CMS. Example: Moodle: Moodle (abbreviation for //Modular Object-Oriented Dynamic Learning Environment//) is a <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #0645ad; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px; text-decoration: none;">[|free and open-source] [|e-learning][|software] platform, also known as a Course Management System, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #0645ad; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px; text-decoration: none;">[|Learning Management System], or <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #0645ad; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px; text-decoration: none;">[|Virtual Learning Environment] (VLE). Moodle was originally developed by <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #0645ad; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px; text-decoration: none;">[|Martin Dougiamas] to help educators create online courses with a focus on interaction and collaborative construction of content, and is in continual evolution. ** ||

//**<span style="color: #036303; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">E-commerce technology :**// **the phrase is used to describe business that is conducted over the Internet using any of the applications that rely on the Internet, such as e-mail, instant messaging, shopping carts, Web services, UDDI, FTP, and EDI, among others. Electronic commerce can be between two businesses transmitting funds, goods, services and/or data or between a business and a customer.**

//** Examples: **// ||
 * [|Business-to-business (B2B)]
 * [|Business-to-consumer (B2C)]
 * Consumer-to-consumer (C2C) - in internet commerce, means through which consumers interact with other consumers through online auctions.
 * [|Payment services]
 * [|Secure transactions]


 * [|The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)] || [[image:http://www.ibiblio.org/hhalpin/homepage/presentations/tpac2008/w3clogosmall.gif]] ||

* [|Firewall]
 * __ Internet Threats and Security: __**
 * Internet Security || Internet Threats ||
 * [|Proxy server]
 * [|SSL(Secure Sockets Layer)]
 * [|Encryption]
 * [|Digital Signatures]

__//** Public and private keys **//__ <span style="border-collapse: separate; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small;">Public and private keys are binary files generated from the client during the subscription and used for authenticity control purposes and symmetric key hiding. What is encrypted with the public key can be decrypted ONLY with the private key. The Public key is a component of the Certificate. || * [|Hackers] ||
 * [|Spam]
 * [|Phishing]
 * [|Pharming]
 * [|Spyware]
 * [|Adware]
 * [|Global Viruses]

<span style="color: #333333; font-family: arial,helvetica,clean,sans-serif; line-height: 16px;">Spyware is <span class="yshortcuts cs4-visible" style="border-bottom-color: #366388; border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 2px; color: #366388; cursor: pointer;">computer software that is installed surreptitiously on a <span class="yshortcuts cs4-visible" style="border-bottom-color: #366388; border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 2px; color: #366388; cursor: pointer;">personal computer to intercept or take partial control over the user's interaction with the computer, without the user's informed consent.

<span style="color: #333333; font-family: arial,helvetica,clean,sans-serif; line-height: 16px;"> Adware or advertising-supported software is any <span class="yshortcuts cs4-visible" style="border-bottom-color: #366388; border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 2px; color: #366388; cursor: pointer;">software package which automatically plays, displays, or downloads advertisements to a computer after the software is installed on it or while the application is being used. Some types of adware are also spyware and can be classified as privacy-invasive software.

<span style="color: #333333; font-family: arial,helvetica,clean,sans-serif; line-height: 16px;"> Malware, a portmanteau from the words malicious and software, is software designed to infiltrate or damage a computer system without the owner's informed consent. The expression is a general term used by computer professionals to mean a variety of forms of hostile, intrusive, or annoying software or program code.[1] The term "computer virus" is sometimes used as a catch-all phrase to include all types of malware, including true viruses.

__** Collaborative online tools: **__ http://www.wikispaces.com || Forums <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; border-collapse: separate; cursor: pointer; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 10px; padding-top: 0px;"> [] || <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; border-collapse: separate; cursor: pointer; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 10px; padding-top: 0px;"> [] || Social bookmarking <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; border-collapse: separate; cursor: pointer; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 10px; padding-top: 0px;"> [] [] [] [] || <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; border-collapse: separate; cursor: pointer; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 10px; padding-top: 0px;"> [] || Online collaborative applications <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; border-collapse: separate; cursor: pointer; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 10px; padding-top: 0px;"> [] || <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; border-collapse: separate; cursor: pointer; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 10px; padding-top: 0px;"> [] || Podcasts <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; border-collapse: separate; cursor: pointer; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 10px; padding-top: 0px;"> [] [] || <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; border-collapse: separate; cursor: pointer; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 10px; padding-top: 0px;"> [] || Vidcasts <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; border-collapse: separate; cursor: pointer; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 10px; padding-top: 0px;"> [] [] || <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; border-collapse: separate; cursor: pointer; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 10px; padding-top: 0px;"> [] [] [] [] || Templates <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; border-collapse: separate; cursor: pointer; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 10px; padding-top: 0px;"> [] ||
 * Wikis
 * blogs
 * RSS feeds
 * Mash-ups
 * Photocasts
 * Social networking sites

[] || **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 14px;">Blackboard is a tool that allows faculty to add resources for students to access online. PowerPoint, Captivate, video, audio, animation, and other applications are created outside of Blackboard and added into Blackboard courses for students to enhance teaching and learning efforts. ** <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[] [] || media type="youtube" key="t-OKnEBp6MY" height="390" width="480" ||
 * Virtual worlds and virtual learning environments
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 * __**//<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">Blackboard //**__
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