Hospitals

= **Education & Training - Hospitals** = = = Hospitals are now using hightech **simulation** equipment and **robots to train and prepare their medical staff** for surgeries and other procedures. **Robots** are also being intergrated into patient therapy for diseases such as Alzheimer's.

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 * Robots** are also being used to replace surgeons in operating rooms and to carry out the surgeries. There are several types of surgical robots: **assisted robotic surgery or fully-integrated robotic surgery**. Assisted robotic surgery is when there is still a surgeon in the room, however, they are operating the robot through the use of **robotic arms**. Fully-integrated robotic surgery is when there is not surgeon involved in carrying out the surgery, a robot takes full control of it.



[] [] (advantages of surgical robots)

time is lower, therefore patients stay in the hospital for a shorter time after their surgery and do not need as many nurses to take care of them. || * Poor judgement
 * ** Advantages ** || ** Disadvantages ** ||
 * * Quick, precise procedures carried out
 * Can administer medication with precision
 * Eliminates crowded operating rooms
 * Less invasive surgery = less recovery time
 * Decreased blood loss
 * Smaller incisions = smaller chance of infection
 * More control
 * Overall cost of the hospital is lower because recovery
 * Reliability issues if robot is not working properly - could put Patient's life at risk
 * Initial costs of buying the hardware is very expensive
 * Training needed
 * Difficult to control
 * Can be hacked into which could risk the failure of a surgery
 * Proper maintenance needed on-call ||
 * ____________________________________________________________________ **
 * Social and Ethical Issues: **
 * 1) **Reliability** - machines can get ruined at any during the surgery, thus rsiking the life of the patient.
 * 2) **Digital divide and equality of access** - third world countries cannot afford to buy/maintain/train the robots, thus they must rely on mechanical methods of surgery
 * 3) ** Policies ** - policies must be set up in hospitals to ensure the safety of patients and doctors, as well as to outline the appropriate amount of training needed before having access to the robots.
 * 4) **Standards and protocols** - robot software must be compatible with the software already available at the hospital. Proper protocols must eb available to ensure that the robots work to their fullest abilities.
 * 5) **People and machines** - doctors, nurses and anaestheseologists must be trained on how to operate the robots or how to fix them if they malfunction.


 * IT Systems: **
 * 1) **Hardware** - robots, monitors, etc.
 * 2) **Software** - virtual training games, software of the robots and software already available at the hospital.
 * 3) **Modelling and Simulation** - the different training 'video games' available for training.

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