espionage

**Espionage**
 * Espionage** or **spying** involves an individual obtaining information that is considered secret or confidential without the permission of the holder of the information.

=[|Russian spies: Top 5 old-school espionage technologies that still work] = Russian spies using antiquated spying techniques? Don't be surprised. In the world of espionage, old tricks stay in use for a long, long time.

In its criminal complaint against the suspected Russian sleeper agents, the FBI alleges that the spies used invisible ink to conceal secret communications from prying eyes. While this sounds like a children’s trick, it has been a standard instrument in the spying toolkit for almost 90 years. “The oldest information that the US government still considers classified dates from the World War I era. It's a recipe for invisible ink, and the reason it's still classified is because someone still uses it,” Stout told Tech News Daily.
 * 1. Invisible Ink**

Also utilized by the Russian spying suspects, shortwave radio is similar to ham radio, and thus can transmit data as well as speech. Like invisible ink, shortwave radio use by spies predates the Cold War. “What you find is that general concepts of types of communications devices from the 50s, 60s, and 70s are still used,” Stout said. “But they've undergone the same transformation everything has since then. Where there used to be tubes, now there's chips.” - [|Ham Radio Gets Upgraded with Modern Technology] - 21 June 2010
 * 2. Shortwave Radio**

Burst transmissions are a subset of radio transmissions, where the entire message is sped up to the point where listeners can no longer recognize it as human speech. Additionally, at the faster speed, those transmitting the message get off the air so fast that anyone listening to them can’t fix their position. Once the intended target receives the message, they can slow it down and listen to it at normal speed. “This is a great technique, because it gives you the advantages of radio, but you're not on long enough for location finding,” Stout said. “Rudimentary versions of that were used as early as World War I by the Germans.”
 * 3. Burst Transmissions**

This technique originated during World War II, and involves the broadcast of seemingly meaningless number sequences over conventional radio. During World War II, the BBC would broadcast these numbers to French Resistance fighters to signal a coming invasion, or specific sabotage orders. In 2006, Carlos and Elsa Alvarez were arrested for spying on the U.S. for Cuba. They received their orders via number station, Stout said.
 * 4. Number Stations**

Dating back to World War II, transposition ciphers are codes that systematically scramble the order of letters in a message. For instance, “hello there” transposed might look like “eereltlhho”. These codes, and the technology needed to break them, has remained classified since World War Two, Stout said.
 * 5. Transposition Ciphers**

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Espionage most recent news - [|The Guardian] **﻿**